CHINESE AND JAPANESE SHOW GREAT CONTRAST STATES O. L. SPAULDING

"The difference between the Japanese and Chinese armies now engaged about Shanghai is the difference between a civilized disciplined nation and a barbaric leaderless tribe of people", Colonel O. L. Spaulding, professor of Military Science and Tactics, said in an in-

"From newspaper reports it is difficult to realize what is occurring in Shanghai district. Japan has at present three divisions of troops or about 5,000 men in the immediate vicinity. Since Japan has all rights between Shanghai and the Yangtze river where the Woosung forte are located they are occupying the entire river line to the north and east against a line of Chinese troops drawn up parallel to the river.

"Captain T. J. Betts, of the General Staff of the United States Army, recent military attache in China, reports that China has great man power available with a total of 2,500,000 men under arms in military formations at the moment. Although China has all the instruments of modern warfare, tanks, air guns, and airplanes they have never been knit into the Chinese military fabric. The individual Chinese soldier is very easily disciplined and because his wants are so small is able to stand great privation.

"Most Deadly Infantry in the World"

"The standing army of Japan numbers about 230,000 men, although in time of need 2,000,000 could be enrolled. The Japanese General Staff has spent many years studying the military situation in China and with the most deadly infantry in the world Japan can shatter any Chinese defense. The Japanese are skilled in oversea expeditions and their facility in handling all the automatic machinery of war employed in the West gives her a great advantage over China whose only strong point is great passive resistance. The forces of Japan are directed and coordinated from the War Office in Tokyo while China's troops have no system of cooperation, since they are under local leaders.

Enlist to Avoid Starvation

"It has been said that soldiers enlist in the Chinese army because it is the surest way for the lower class man to avoid starvation. When China was declared a republic in 1912 under Sun Yat Sen, a civil war began which has not yet been terminated. Hope was expressed that a common fee in the person of Japan would cause the hostile factions to unite, but local rivalries which make any concentrated action impossible still exist. Despite the fact that China has been practically without one central government for years, taxes are collected regularly, police duty is performed, and all the functions for which governments are instituted go on without any officialdom."